• Login
    • Join
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Formulary
    • Exclusives
    • Top Companies
    • Raw Materials
    • End-User
    • Packaging
    • Directories
    • Events
    • Jobs
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Formulary
  • Exclusives
  • Top Companies
  • Raw Materials
  • End-User
  • Packaging
  • Directories
  • Events
  • Jobs
  • Current / Back Issues
    Features
    Columns
    Editorial
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    In Sickness & in Health

    In Action

    Tress Test

    From Hollywood to Hair Color

    Virtual Reality for Makeup Is Not Make Believe
    Online Exclusives
    Association News
    Breaking News
    Financial News
    Industry News
    International
    Marketing News
    New Products
    News Front
    Packaging News
    Patents
    Personnel
    Regulations
    Snapshots
    Top News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Scott’s Sells Personal Care Production Site

    Givaudan Unveils RitualEssenz Brazil

    Sozio Builds a New Facility

    Laverne Cox Is Matrix Ambassador

    H2O+ Reimagines Hydration Oasis
    Blog
    Online Exclusives
    Infographics
    Podcasts
    Whitepapers
    Videos
    Expert's Opinion
    eBook
    Surveys
    International Top 30 Report
    Top 50 Report
    Top Companies
    19. New Avon

    41. PDC

    21. Yankee Candle

    9. Lion

    The Top 50 Report
    Actives
    Functional Ingredients
    Pigments
    Polymers
    Preservatives
    Surfactants

    Givaudan Unveils RitualEssenz Brazil

    Where Angels Soar

    Croda Awarded for Reputation

    DSM and Metex Nøøvista Collaborate

    FDA May Change Manufacturing Survey
    Air Care/Environmental Fragrance
    AP/Deo
    Color Cosmetics
    Disinfectants
    Fine Fragrance
    Hair Care
    Household Cleaning
    I&I Marketplace
    Laundry Care
    Oral Care
    OTC/Medicated
    Packaging
    Personal Cleansers
    Skin Care
    Sun Care
    Testing

    Scott’s Sells Personal Care Production Site

    Where Angels Soar

    Sozio Builds a New Facility

    Laverne Cox Is Matrix Ambassador

    H2O+ Reimagines Hydration Oasis
    Lab Equipment
    Mixing
    Packaging
    Testing

    Love Beauty and Planet Addresses Waste

    A New Era in Efficacy Testing

    Circular Models for Consumer Staples

    CPI Works to Reduce Formulation Risks

    Tom's Unveils Recyclable Toothpaste Tube
    Contract Manufacturing / Private Label Directory
    Buyer's Guide
    Add New Company
    Corporate Profiles
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    QRS (Quality Resourcing Services)

    Botanic Beauty Labs

    Wormser

    Tokiwa Cosmetics America, LLC

    Siltech Corporation
    Live From Shows
    Meetings
    Webinars
    Snapshots
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issues
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Digital Edition
      • eNewsletter Archive
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
    • Breaking News
    • Formulary
    • Directories
      • Buyer's Guide
      • Contract Manufacturing / Private Label Directory
      • Corporate Profiles
      • Add Your Company
    • Raw Materials
      • Actives
      • Functional Ingredients
      • Pigments
      • Polymers
      • Preservatives
      • Surfactants
    • End-User
      • Air Care/Environmental Fragrance
      • AP/Deo
      • Color Cosmetics
      • Disinfectants
      • Fine Fragrance
      • Hair Care
      • Household Cleaning
      • I&I Marketplace
      • Laundry Care
      • Oral Care
      • OTC/Medicated
      • Packaging
      • Personal Cleansers
      • Skin Care
      • Sun Care
      • Testing
    • Packaging
      • Lab Equipment
      • Mixing
      • Packaging
      • Testing
    • Top Companies
      • International Top 30 Report
      • Top 50 Report
    • Online Exclusives
    • Experts Opinion
    • Slideshows
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • eBook
    • Infographics
    • Blog
    • Whitepapers
    • Surveys
      • R & D Salary Survey
      • Sales & Marketing Salary Survey
    • Job Banks
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from show Events
      • Webinars
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    The Ins and Outs of China’s Inner Beauty Market

    Industry experts insist that after years of starts and stops the category is ready to grow.

    The Ins and Outs of China’s Inner Beauty Market
    Related CONTENT
    • Shiseido Americas Acquires Creative Agency JWALK
    • Innospec Lauded by Henkel
    • Shiseido Americas Buys Agency
    • Shiseido Deploys Robots in Assembly Line
    • Le Prunier's Plum Oil Comes to the US
    Ally Dai, Correspondent09.01.17
    We’re still waiting… Hailed as the next big thing several years ago, beauty-from-within still hasn’t taken off in China. Back in 2011, led by Japanese cosmetic companies such as Fancl, DHC, Kanebo and Shiseido, collagen-based beauty drinks and powders became popular in China. These introductions were soon followed by Inneov of L’Oréal and Nestlé, as well as domestic players such as Marubi (one of whose largest shareholders is LVMH-backed private equity fund L Capital Asia) and Guizhou Bailing Group, a local pharmaceutical company.


    Two years later, however, market demand was quickly dampened by several incidents. First, China’s state-owned media questioned product claims and high retail prices. Next, there were allegations of estrogen being added to formulas.


    Companies insisted that oral collagen was safe and reliable, and delivered anti-aging and whitening benefits, but many experts, including dermatologists, argued to the contrary. As a result of the controversy, product sales stalled and the market has remained sluggish for the past four years. The fact that Inneov left China just 16 months after its debut underscores the category’s underperformance.


    Never Fade Away

    However, the concept “you are what you eat” remains deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Demands for holistic beauty actually never fade away just because of a few modern incidents. This yearning for “beauty-from-within” has been proven by an e-commerce report from TaoBao (China’s largest online retail platform) and CBNData in 2015. Women represent a major consumer group in China’s nutraceuticals market, where 60% of total sales come from women between 22 and 50 years of age, and the percentage of young females (aged between 18 and 28) have been steadily on the rise, according to the report.


    According to TaoBao, the fastest growing nutraceutical products in 2015 were enzyme-based drinks and powders with major beauty claims including cleansing/detoxing, anti-acne, and weight loss. This finding is echoed by a Roland Berger report. Growing at an annual average rate of 8% during 2015-2020, China’s nutraceutical market is expected to exceed $26.8 billion by 2020. Beauty care will be in the greatest demand along with vitamin/mineral replenishment, and immunity boosting, according to the Roland Berger consumer survey.


    Social media attests to the popularity of Japanese inner beauty products among Chinese consumers in recent years. These somewhat novel products, which include whitening pills, anti-glycation drinks, and “perfume candy” (i.e., edible deodorants)—all of them launched by big Japanese names like Shiseido, Pola and Fancl—have become Internet sensations, primarily due to the heavy promotion and education efforts by surging e-commerce channels, mainly WeChat and DaiGou (the latter means “purchasing on behalf of” in Mandarin; i.e., an overseas person purchases goods for a customer in mainland China). One of the most talked about items is Pola White Shot, which claims beauty benefits of anti-hyperpigmentation, whitening, minimizing pores with actives like L-cysteine and vitamins C, E, and B2.


    A prosperous China is fueling domestic demand in nearly all beauty- and wellness-related sectors, including inner beauty products. The question here should not be “if,” but “when;” especially after recent regulatory adjustments toward more open administration of nutraceuticals.


    New Regulations


    Based on the current China regulatory system, nutraceuticals fall into two different categories: conventional food and functional food (including both health food/beverage and nutritional supplements). While neither is allowed to make any claim on therapeutic effect or replacing medical treatment, the two are subject to very distinctive regulatory controls.


    Specifically, conventional foods can make statements about the presence or amount of nutrients (content claims) or the functions of nutrients on normal physiology (general function claims). However, they cannot contain any ingredient listed in the Functional Food Raw Materials Directory, or make any health claims. Functional foods are defined as food/beverage/supplement products that have specific health functions or replenish nutrients, and are required to make clear statements on the specific groups of people they are suitable and unsuitable for, as well as the exact amount to be consumed.


    It is also worth noting that when it comes to health claims for functional foods, only the subcategory of health food/beverage is allowed to make ones specified in the Functional Food Health Claims Directory, and nutritional supplements can only claim nutrients, mainly vitamins and minerals. A Blue Hat symbol is labeled on any approved functional food to help distinguish it from other non-approved ones and conventional food, giving consumers safety and efficacy assurance.


    Got all that? Regulators have intended to clarify issues with the Administrative Measures on the Registration and Recordation of Functional Foods, which came into force July 2016, the Functional Food Raw Material Directory (Part I) and the Functional Food Health Claims Directory (Part I) issued in January 2017, and the Proposal for Reinforcing Supervision of Functional Foods (Draft for Public Comment) posted in April by CFDA (China State Food and Drug Administration).


    All of these measures reflect CFDA’s new way of thinking. While there are still two types of policies (registration and recordation filing) for functional food produced or marketed in China, registration will largely replace recordation filing, which as a result relaxes market entry but tightens up raw material management and post-launch supervision. In order to facilitate the changes, CFDA is also expected to expand the Raw Materials and Excipients Directory for Functional Food. Along with those materials listed in Medicinal and Edible Product Directory and New Food Resource Directory, there should be much room to play for nutraceutical manufacturers in China.


    Ingredients in Activity


    Players in China’s inner beauty market need to pay particular attention to claims as well as ingredients before marketing any product to consumers. There is no such generic claim as “beautifying” or “skin care” allowed by legislation for either conventional or functional foods, however, some specific claims and/or ingredients could be used to help products convey beauty-related messages, and avoid food safety litigation.


    For health food/beverages, among the 27 health claims specified by the Functional Food Health Claims Directory, quite a few can do the job, ranging from anti-acne and anti-chloasma to improve skin hydration, balance skin oil and antioxidation. Others could also be translated into similar benefits in a more holistic way, like: improve immune function; assist protecting from harmful radiation; improve nutritional anemia; weight loss; regulate intestinal microbiota; improve sleep quality; and alleviate fatigue.


    In contrast, conventional food and beauty supplements are only allowed to state nutrient content instead of physiological effect. Therefore, companies can manage to use materials listed in the New Food Resource Directory and Medicinal and Edible Product Directory to imply beauty benefits of their products. The latter actually reflects an ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, called medicine-food homology, meaning certain Chinese medicinal materials can be used as foods due to their same origins. Expected to be issued soon, the directory is largely in line with the government attempt to promote TCM both nationally and internationally.


    Among 116 exempt TCM materials listed in the Medicinal and Edible Product Directory, quite a few are already in widespread applications in inner beauty products, such as jujube red date (Chinese date) and Job’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi). Donkey-hide gelatin (gelatin obtained from donkey skin), known as EJiao in TCM, is particularly successful here. EJiao-based products improve anemia and have antioxidant properties, which Chinese consumers interpret as improving skin complexion.


    Another approach to ensure the legality of claims and ingredients is to use the materials as “new food resources” (i.e., animals, plants, microorganisms, and their derivatives), which are not “traditional eating habits in China.” Ingredients in the New Food Resource Directory such as hyaluronic acid, ceramides and phytosterols, as well as collagen and peptides, are already mainstay ingredients in inner beauty products.


    The recent emergence of prebiotics/probiotics and enzymes/fermentation, is particularly noticeable in China. These products, primarily beverages and powders containing or fermented with specific probiotic strains, and/or formulated with prebiotics like fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), Mannose-oligosaccharides (MOS), and inulin, are gaining popularity among consumers who interpret immune system-boosting and digestive system improvement as part of holistic beauty care.


    All in all, with growing consumer preference for natural/green in all beauty sectors, ingredients with green attributes along with credible scientific verification are increasingly used as a major selling point by companies in China’s inner beauty market. Apart from those listed by all related directories, the applications of vegetables and fruits, especially superfruits including various berries and seeds rich in antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids, can also be found in numerous beauty-positioned food products in China.


    Marketers in Action


    China’s inner beauty market remains fragmented. Falling short of dominant brands, the players are primarily from the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. But with predictions of a rise in sales, more traditional cosmetic manufacturers are entering the scene, the vast majority of them adopting the strategy of teaming up with food or pharmaceutical companies to pull resources together to launch successful beauty from within products.


    One example is Jala, a large domestic cosmetic company. In May, Jala partnered with Maruzen, a Japanese pharmaceutical company, to launch two beauty from within flower beverages. Marketed under its premium-positioned cosmetic brand Maysu, the products contain patented ingredients including lotus seed powder whose skin whitening/brightening effect has been well-recognized by Chinese consumers. At a recent party to celebrate Jala’s 15th anniversary, CEO Zheng Chunyin told attendees that inner beauty will become a core business, along with color cosmetics and personal care, during the next 25 years.


    GN Pearl Group which, as its name implies, specializes in pearls, ancient TCM ingredients best known to whiten skin and improve complexion, expanded into OTC channels by launching its pearl-based functional foods in several drug chain stores earlier this year.


    A relative newcomer, Urte Group is teaming up with New Zealand-based GMP to launch eight inner beauty product lines under Geoskincare, its existing cosmetic brand. Specifically targeting younger consumers, the new lines are said to meet all beauty care needs ranging from whitening, anti-aging, moisturizing, soothing, to detoxing and weight loss. Meanwhile, the group has also signed a deal with an Australian company Swisse (acquired by a Chinese nutrition and baby care products provider Biostime in 2015), to help distribute just launched Swisse beauty supplements including Swisse Hair Skin Nails in Chinese brick-and-mortar stores.


    Compared to their local counterparts, international cosmetic brands are more cautious, testing the waters with their imported products. For example, AmorePacific launched a collagen drink in China back in 2014, but the promotion under its Laneige brand has been quite limited and the focus shifted from collagen to fruit extract ingredients. Shiseido seemed to up the ante by teaming with restaurant chain Wagas to launch Ultimune Juice in 2015. Made of beetroot, pear, and kale, the drink reportedly boosts immunity. The juice launch coincided with the rollout of Ultimune Power Infusing Caring topical serum.


    Fancl has marketed its beauty from within products in the conventional food category for years. In May, Fancl entered the functional food category by signing an exclusive agreement with China Sinopharm International Corporation, one of China’s biggest pharmaceutical companies. Under this new agreement, the latter will help the former obtain official approval for health food/nutritional supplements and expand new distribution channels in mainland China.


    Brands aside, ODM/OEM manufacturers in China are also entering the category. At two recent nutraceutical shows in Shanghai, NHNC 2017 and Healthplex & Nutraceutical China 2017, there were several ODM/OEM manufacturers promoting their inner beauty product businesses. Two of the most notable were Korea-based Cosmax Bio and Kolmar BNH, both of which are well-known to Chinese cosmetic brands.


    A Look to the Future


    Beauty from within in China still has plenty of potential. Yes, regulations are increasingly complex but they’re clearer than ever, too. More knowledgeable and segmented consumers have created more opportunities and work for manufacturers. As more consumers take a proactive and holistic approach toward their health and beauty regimens, demand for such products will only grow.


    Experts say the most successful products will be those that make substantiated health claims positioned toward mass market consumers, especially younger shoppers. 
    Related Searches
    • anti
    • regulatory
    • business
    • shoppers
    Related Knowledge Center
    • Skin Care
    • Actives
    • Functional Ingredients
    Suggested For You
    She’s Got It Down Pat… She’s Got It Down Pat…
    A Deep Dive into Skin Care A Deep Dive into Skin Care
    Henkel North America Moves to Stamford, CT Henkel North America Moves to Stamford, CT
    INOLEX Expands its Alternative Preservation Portfolio INOLEX Expands its Alternative Preservation Portfolio
    Young Living Names New Chief Supply Officer Young Living Names New Chief Supply Officer
    Pat McGrath Adds On To Her Expertise Pat McGrath Adds On To Her Expertise
    Strike It Rich! Strike It Rich!
    5. Shiseido 5. Shiseido
    Shiseido Is in the Pink! Shiseido Is in the Pink!
    The Future of Brands The Future of Brands
    BareMinerals App Delivers Custom-blended Foundation Direct To Consumers BareMinerals App Delivers Custom-blended Foundation Direct To Consumers
    Summer 2017 Birchbox Arrives In Stores & Online Summer 2017 Birchbox Arrives In Stores & Online
    She She's Still 'Worth It'
    Ultra Duox Partners  With TerraCycle in China Ultra Duox Partners With TerraCycle in China
    Marketers Strike Gold by Catering to Silver Marketers Strike Gold by Catering to Silver

    Related Features

    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | I&I Marketplace | Surfactants
      In Sickness & in Health

      In Sickness & in Health

      With demand continuing to expand, the industrial and institutional cleaning market remains resilient no matter how the overall economy is doing.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 12.02.19

    • Actives | Skin Care
      In Action

      In Action

      Active ingredients make a skin care product work.
      Melissa Meisel, Associate Editor 12.02.19

    • Functional Ingredients | Hair Care | Polymers | Surfactants
      Tress Test

      Tress Test

      Marketers continue to promote specialty ingredients and need-specific formulations to address strands and scalps. Need a new ingredient? You'll find them here!
      Christine Esposito, Associate Editor 12.02.19


    • Functional Ingredients | Hair Care | Pigments | Surfactants
      From Hollywood to Hair Color

      From Hollywood to Hair Color

      Entrepreneur and hairstylist Jim Markham reflects on his incredible career.
      Charles Sternberg, Assistant Editor 12.02.19

    • Color Cosmetics | Skin Care
      Virtual Reality for Makeup Is Not Make Believe

      Virtual Reality for Makeup Is Not Make Believe

      A review of patent literature reveals the technology that is driving innovation in the color cosmetics space.
      Robert Y. Lochhead PhD, FRSC and Margaret Lochhead 12.02.19

    • Color Cosmetics | Hair Care | Personal Cleansers | Skin Care | Sun Care | Testing
      Members of the Club

      Members of the Club

      Coptis works with customers to develop software for cosmetic laboratories.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 12.02.19


    • Skin Care | Sun Care | Testing | Testing
      A New Era in Efficacy Testing

      A New Era in Efficacy Testing

      Validated Claim Support offers a range of testing services for OTC and personal care formulators, all backed by the expertise of an industry veteran.
      Tom Branna , Editorial Director 12.02.19

    • Air Care/Environmental Fragrance | Functional Ingredients | Household Cleaning
      Using Nature’s Power To Control Malodors

      Using Nature’s Power To Control Malodors

      Alpha Aromatics offers a range of natural, plant-based, odor neutralizer additives and natural essential oil compounds for home care formulas.
      Arnold Zlotnik, Alpha Aromatics, Inc. 11.01.19

    • Actives | Disinfectants | Functional Ingredients | Household Cleaning | Polymers | Surfactants

      New Ingredients for Household Cleaners

      Here are new ingredients launched by suppliers during the past 12 months. To learn more, contact the supplier directly using the information listed.
      11.01.19


    • Fine Fragrance | Functional Ingredients
      Quality Over Quantity

      Quality Over Quantity

      Today’s successful fragrances get an upgrade with unique components and luxury packaging while staying true to their audience.
      Melissa Meisel, Associate Editor 11.01.19

    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | Oral Care
      Word of Mouth

      Word of Mouth

      What’s trending in the oral care category.
      Christine Esposito, Associate Editor 11.01.19

    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | Skin Care
      Bullish On the Biome

      Bullish On the Biome

      Brand owners look deeper into the role of the skin microbiome.
      Christine Esposito , Associate Editor 11.01.19

    • Functional Ingredients | Skin Care
      A Horse of a Different Color

      A Horse of a Different Color

      Trove CBD had a unique start, but it’s a focus on quality that will get it over the finish line.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 11.01.19

    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | Skin Care
      There’s High Interest in CBD for Beauty & Personal Care

      There’s High Interest in CBD for Beauty & Personal Care

      Cannabidiol is causing quite a stir in the beauty space, but lack of clarity regarding its legal status has multinationals wary of entering the category.
      Imogen Matthews, Consultant 11.01.19

    • Color Cosmetics | Skin Care
      Indie Brands Spark Innovation in Global Beauty Category

      Indie Brands Spark Innovation in Global Beauty Category

      An analysis of more than 200 indie brands to find out if they truly are unique and innovative.
      Marc N.G. de Mul, PhD, Measured Innovation 11.01.19

    Breaking News
    • Scott’s Sells Personal Care Production Site
    • Givaudan Unveils RitualEssenz Brazil
    • Sozio Builds a New Facility
    • Laverne Cox Is Matrix Ambassador
    • H2O+ Reimagines Hydration Oasis
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    December 2019

    • In Sickness & in Health
    • In Action
    • Tress Test
    • From Hollywood to Hair Color
    • Virtual Reality for Makeup Is Not Make Believe
    • Members of the Club
    • A New Era in Efficacy Testing
    • View More >
    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    International Scientific Society Calls for Omega-3 Blood Testing in Future Research
    Pharmactive Affron Saffron May Help Relieve Depression Symptoms
    Warmer Temperatures Could Lead to Concerning Levels of Arsenic in Rice
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Cristo Rey High School Educator Named 2019 Axalta All-Pro Teacher of the Year
    Michelman Makes United Way of Greater Cincinnati’s List of Top 25 Corporate Campaigns
    BCF: Coatings Industry Reports Record Improvement in Waste, Recycling, Accident Rates
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    FDA OKs Roche's Nasal Swab MRSA Test
    Philips & Paige to Deliver Clinical-Grade AI Applications to Pathology Labs
    Eye Test for Parkinson's Gains Breakthrough Designation
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Almac Awarded $1M BMGF Grant
    Vivera Pharma, Parexel Ink Clinical Services Agreement
    MedPharm Triples Capacity at RTP Site
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    WWP Wins Three NJPEC Awards
    Cat-Themed Beauty Collection to Launch in Japan
    Pantone Names Classic Blue the 2020 Color of the Year
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    Lip Lab Opening in Brooklyn
    Raining Rose Expands Exec Team
    Scott’s Sells Personal Care Production Site
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    ePac Flexible Packaging Expands into Asia Pacific Market
    Haney, HP Developing Sustainable Fashion Packaging for Heron Preston
    Addipel Moves to New HQ, Expands Production Facility
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    HP teams with Haney for sustainable packaging
    Tags & Labels Printing adds Heidelberg’s Versafire EP
    Austrian converter installs first Nilpeter press
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Thrace to Relocate U.S. Capacity
    FiltXPO Speaker Line-Up Announced
    Nölken Incorporates Sustainable Wipes Packaging
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Orthofix Appoints New Spine Business Leader
    Viant to Halt EtO Sterilization at Michigan Plant by End of Year
    Synaptive Medical's Modus V Expands Into Spine Market
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    IDTechEx Show! Announces Graphene Award Winner
    OE-A Continues to Bring Future of Printed Electronics to CES 2020
    Avancis, Smit Thermal, HZB, CNRS, Solliace Team for Higher Efficiencies in CIGS

    Copyright © 2019 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.