• Login
    • Join
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Formulary
    • Exclusives
    • Top Companies
    • Raw Materials
    • End-User
    • Packaging
    • Directories
    • Events
    • Jobs
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Formulary
  • Exclusives
  • Top Companies
  • Raw Materials
  • End-User
  • Packaging
  • Directories
  • Events
  • Jobs
  • Current / Back Issues
    Features
    Columns
    Editorial
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    A Conversation with the Responsible Flushing Alliance

    Nice-Pak Meets Consumer Demands

    Wipes Manufacturers Meet Demand Surge

    Home Care Wipes: Sustainability in Sharper Focus as Cleaning Frenzy Simmers Following Pandemic

    Formulating with Alternatives In Personal Care Products
    Online Exclusives
    Association News
    Breaking News
    Financial News
    Industry News
    International
    Marketing News
    New Products
    News Front
    Packaging News
    Patents
    Personnel
    Regulations
    Snapshots
    Top News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Diamond Chemical Appoints Technical Service Representative

    Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter

    Clean Hair Brand Vegamour Announces $80 Million in Private Equity Funding

    Tri-K Industries Appoints Sales Executive and National Sales Manager

    NatureLab. Tokyo’s Hair Care Launches in Ulta Beauty Stores
    Blog
    Online Exclusives
    Infographics
    Podcasts
    Whitepapers
    Videos
    Expert's Opinion
    HappiTV
    eBook
    Surveys
    International Top 30 Report
    Top 50 Report
    Top Companies
    15. Guthy-Renker

    23. Schering-Plough

    25. John Paul Mitchell Systems

    14. LG Household & Healthcare

    20. Clarins
    Actives
    Functional Ingredients
    Pigments
    Polymers
    Preservatives
    Surfactants

    Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter

    Kao Promotes Hand Washing

    Guangzhou Builds Beauty Park To Woo L'Oréal, Estée Lauder

    Chanel Launches Plumping Lipstick

    What You’re Reading on Happi.com
    Air Care/Environmental Fragrance
    AP/Deo
    Color Cosmetics
    Disinfectants
    Fine Fragrance
    Hair Care
    Household Cleaning
    I&I Marketplace
    Laundry Care
    Oral Care
    OTC/Medicated
    Packaging
    Personal Cleansers
    Skin Care
    Sun Care
    Testing

    Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter

    Clean Hair Brand Vegamour Announces $80 Million in Private Equity Funding

    Purpose Helps Shape The Sustainability Journey in Clean Beauty

    NatureLab. Tokyo’s Hair Care Launches in Ulta Beauty Stores

    OTC Pain Relief QR Cream Debuts in US Market
    Lab Equipment
    Mixing
    Packaging
    Testing

    Admix Appoints COO to Advance Manufacturing, Supply Chain & Regulatory Compliance

    Tesco Eliminates Plastic Bags from Online Orders

    Hourglass To Launch Sustainable Cosmetics Line

    Carbon Data for Personal Care Labels

    L’Oréal Hong Kong Launches Cross-Brand Recycling Program
    Contract Manufacturing / Private Label Directory
    Buyer's Guide
    Add New Company
    Corporate Profiles
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    Ashland

    Baralan USA

    QRS (Quality Resourcing Services)

    Praan Naturals

    BotanicalsPlus
    Live From Shows
    Meetings
    Webinars
    Snapshots
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issues
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Digital Edition
      • eNewsletter Archive
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
    • Breaking News
    • Formulary
    • Directories
      • Buyer's Guide
      • Contract Manufacturing / Private Label Directory
      • Corporate Profiles
      • Add Your Company
    • Raw Materials
      • Actives
      • Functional Ingredients
      • Pigments
      • Polymers
      • Preservatives
      • Surfactants
    • End-User
      • Air Care/Environmental Fragrance
      • AP/Deo
      • Color Cosmetics
      • Disinfectants
      • Fine Fragrance
      • Hair Care
      • Household Cleaning
      • I&I Marketplace
      • Laundry Care
      • Oral Care
      • OTC/Medicated
      • Packaging
      • Personal Cleansers
      • Skin Care
      • Sun Care
      • Testing
    • Packaging
      • Lab Equipment
      • Mixing
      • Packaging
      • Testing
    • Top Companies
      • International Top 30 Report
      • Top 50 Report
    • Online Exclusives
    • Experts Opinion
    • Slideshows
    • HappiTV
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • eBook
    • Infographics
    • Blog
    • Whitepapers
    • Surveys
      • R & D Salary Survey
      • Sales & Marketing Salary Survey
    • Job Banks
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from show Events
      • Webinars
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    A Vial Idea

    Demand for beauty ampoules continues to surge in China due, in part, to international players from Europe and the US.

    A Vial Idea
    A Vial Idea
    Hold it together! Ampoules are a great way to store light-, heat- and air-sensitive ingredients such as vitamins.
    A Vial Idea
    Spas and other pseudo-medical sites are regular users of ampoules.
    A Vial Idea
    MG Cosmedical recently introduced its Freshly-Infused Vitamin C Brightening Mask. The company also offers a variant with hyaluronic acid.
    Related CONTENT
    • Top News from October 2018
    • Tmall Opens Boots Store, Announces Plans with L’Oréal
    • J&J To Buy Japanese Skin Care Firm
    • Dr. Bronner's Expands Into China
    • Estée Lauder Promotes Ross and Sequino
    Ally Dai, Correspondent11.01.18
    One of the most recent headline-grabbing trends in China’s beauty industry has been the beauty ampoule boom. Despite the fact that it has been around since 2011 and gradually trending higher ever since, the ampoule hasn’t experienced explosive growth until last year’s Double 11 online shopping extravaganza.

    The industry apparently has been caught by surprise with the sales of 2017’s Double 11 Global Shopping Festival on Tmall Global, a leading cross-border B2C online platform in China. Each beauty ampoule store there achieved unexpected sales of over 10 million RMB (more than $14.5 million), and the overall figures for this seemingly niche category exceeded billions, accounting for 40% of total sales of imported cosmetics, according to Tmall data.

    In particular, Spanish brands have enjoyed a big lead over other countries in this area, among which MartiDerm and Endocare are believed to be the first two beneficiaries of the boom.  Take the former as an example. Since its debut on Tmall Global in 2016, MartiDerm has sold one unit every 2.49 seconds, shattering its own record in Spain. And following its inaugural participation in Double 11 Festival last year, the brand has sold over 5 million units. With that kind of demand, it’s no surprise that MartiDerm reportedly added two production lines at its Barcelona plant, to produce ampoules exclusively for Tmall Global.

    Other Spanish cosmeceutical brands expanding their presence in this category include Isdin, Sesderma and Lacabinen. Meanwhile three German companies, Rival de Loop, Viscontour and Babor, have also posted good sales on the digital platforms.

    You can also quickly grasp the situation by looking at product registration lists. The word “ampoule” has appeared in State Administration for Market Regulation (and its predecessor) since 2014. In 2016, the number of ampoule products totaled 262. Two months ago, the number had jumped to 1,348.

    What Is a Beauty Ampoule?
    The beauty ampoule is considered a concentrated version of serum and essence, often housed in a small single-dose vial (1-5ml) with a sealed neck, that is either glass or plastic. With origins in the medical field, this type of package is airtight and often aseptic to prevent environmental aggressors such as air and UV light from contaminating the product.
    Compared to other conventional product categories, the beauty ampoule is:
    • Better able to support such trending claims as free of preservatives and maintaining the stability and potency of high levels of actives;
    • Promoted as an intensive treatment, largely focused on addressing one or two specific skin issues and help skin restore optimal condition in minimal time; and
    • Recommended to use continuously for a shorter period of time, which makes it more suitable for skin adjustment in changing seasons, skin treatment after cosmetic surgery or whenever a quick and maximum skin boosting is needed.
    We can get a better idea of the ampoule product by examining two of most successful products in terms of both social media buzzing and online sales.

    MartiDerm Photo Age (30x2ml) claims to prevent photoaging and repairs sun damage, as well as intensely brighten the skin. It contains 15% vitamin C and 3% proteoglycans, as well as yeast extracts, retinol and tripeptide.

    Endocare Intensive Repair Serum Ampoules (7x1ml) features SCA Biorepair Technology (growth factors from the purified secretion of Cryptomphalus aspersa), as well as Hydrosystems (Hydroplex and Pentavitin), and vitamins C and E.

    While it is the previously little-known Spanish players that have embarked on this new boom, an increasing number of well-known manufacturers, both internationally and locally, are quickly following suit.

    Other Notables
    The most notable one is L’Oréal China. Late last year, the company launched two new products related to ampoules—L’Oréal Paris Revitalift Filler [HA] 7-day Ampoule and MG (a local brand the company acquired in 2014) Cosmedical Freshly Infused HA Hydrating Maskcare. Both feature low-molecular weight (lower than 50 KDa) hyaluronic acid and were developed locally at the company’s local Research & Innovation Center.

    Revitalift Filler 7-day Ampoule promises visible improvement in skin texture after using for seven days. It contains high levels of HA, as well as tripeptide and vitamin CG. MG Cosmedical facial mask series is even more interesting, as it reportedly marries ampoule serum with sheet mask. The product includes an alginate-fiber-based substrate and highly concentrated serum. By simply folding and pressing the package upon application, the serum can be evenly infused into the substrate, ensuring a “fresh infusion for fresh application,” according to the company.

    Estée Lauder has also added its own ampoule style product under the Advanced Night Repair series. Despite being named Intensive Recovery Ampoules, it actually comes in the form of 60 single-use capsules packed in a bottle. According to the company, the ampoule contains treatment oil featuring ChronoluxCB Technology to help reduce visible irritation and synchronize the look of skin.
    Another brand in the Lauder group, Clinique, also capitalizes on the ampoule trend with its new FP Daily Booster Vit C. Despite being called Antioxidant Vit C Ampoule Essence in Chinese, its package bears no resemble to the look of a typical ampoule; instead, it adopts a dual vial which isolates the pure vitamin C 10% until activation.

    A similar concept can be seen in the packaging of Lancôme’s Advanced Génifique Sensitive Dual Concentrate, called Little Black Bottle Ampoule Essence in Chinese which launched in August.
    Meanwhile, large domestic brands have wasted no time injumping on the bandwagon. So far their most notable move is adding the ampoule concept to an established category they are already really good at—facial masks. For example, Kans’ Ampoule Hydrating Essence Mask features HA, Unifon’s Ampoule Black Facial Mask series includes bamboo/charcoal-based sheets, and Proya’s Glycoproteins Nourishing Ampoule mask contains astaxanthin.

    Why Now?
    So, why are beauty ampoules going viral in China now? 

    First of all, China’s cosmetic market is still going strong. According to National Statistics Bureau, the cosmetics retail industry in 2017 climbed 13.5% to RMB 251.4 billion (approximately $40 billion), and grew 13.3% to RMB 145.6 billion (roughly $23 billion) during the first half of this year. And an OC&C Strategy Consultants study reported that more than 90% of respondents surveyed increased their spending on skin care last year by trading up, and are now frequent users of premium-positioned products, including serum and essence.

    Secondly, Chinese consumers have become more knowledgeable and selective about the products/ingredients. There is even a specific term, ChenFenDang (ingredient obsessor), used to describe a certain consumer group that is willing to spend tremendous amounts of time in researching ingredients’ safety and effect.

    These consumers rely on such information as an essential guide to buy any product. Coupled with rising awareness of sensitive skin, “gentle cosmeceutical” is currently buzzing around here as it is deemed as effective as a “traditional” cosmeceutical but even safer.

    Thirdly, there is burgeoning demand for intensive anti-aging among younger generations, especially those born after 1990—the so-called “Post 90”’ generation in China. Nicknamed “Youthful Middle-old-aged People,” these consumers are overwhelmingly passionate about preventive anti-aging measures, and vigorously search for products they deem safer, more effective and fast-acting. Furthermore, growing individualism among the consumers is pushing them to constantly look for products that stand out in terms of both function and form.

    A recent report by CBNData and Tmall Global, “Cross-border E-commerce Consumption Insight on Post-90s /95s Generations,” further confirms that face serum is the most preferred Spanish beauty product. The item performed the best in terms of revenue growth on Tmall Global’s cosmetic sector in 2017. 

    In addition, men are spending more in an effort to defy aging, with facial serum for men rising 20% last year, according to the platform’s statistics. To seize upon the opportunity, Tmall started an incubation program last year to popularize 10 innovative product categories—including Highly-Effective Serum, a.k.a., beauty ampoule.

    Three concepts summarize the current megatrends in China beauty market: Ingredient Obsessor; Youthful Middle-old-aged People; and Gentle Cosmeceuticals.

    The beauty ampoule can meet the needs of all three, as it is able to deliver a mélange of scientifically-advanced and medically-related benefits.  Moreover, trendy claims such as preservative-free
    and suitable for sensitive skin, can describe ampoules.

    What About the Future?
    Will beauty ampoules become another vibrant trend like facial masks, or just a fad like tone-up creams, which burst on the Chinese cosmetics scene last year and quickly faded? Industry experts remain cautious.

    One reason for their concern is that ampoules remain an online phenomenon; few brands have any physical presence on store shelves in the current retail marketplace. Marketing and selling efforts are limited to online platforms; further expansion is much needed as offline is considered a necessary and complementary channel for customer experience and product success.

    More importantly, product differentiation could become a headache for cosmetics and skin care brands with numerous beauty ampoules flooding the market.

    “Formulating such products largely follows the same strategy as low viscosity-serum, and it is the package format that holds the key,” observed one expert.

    As a result, it seems that in order to maintain the product appeal and grow the category, substantiating claims with scientific data is essential, along with constant leveraging of consumer insights. 
    Related Searches
    • facial
    • vitamin
    • global
    • oil
    Related Knowledge Center
    • Actives
    • Skin Care
    • Functional Ingredients
    Suggested For You
    Top News from October 2018 Top News from October 2018
    Tmall Opens Boots Store, Announces Plans with L’Oréal Tmall Opens Boots Store, Announces Plans with L’Oréal
    J&J To Buy Japanese Skin Care Firm J&J To Buy Japanese Skin Care Firm
    Dr. Bronner Dr. Bronner's Expands Into China
    Estée Lauder Promotes Ross and Sequino Estée Lauder Promotes Ross and Sequino
    Cosmeceuticals Meet Growing Demand Cosmeceuticals Meet Growing Demand
    Lauder Adds Night Repair Eye Supercharged Complex Lauder Adds Night Repair Eye Supercharged Complex
    Estée Lauder Promotes Two in Leadership Estée Lauder Promotes Two in Leadership
    Pilot Dedicates Innovation Center Pilot Dedicates Innovation Center
    J-Beauty Is Poised to Overtake K-Beauty J-Beauty Is Poised to Overtake K-Beauty
    There’s Big Bucks in Bugs There’s Big Bucks in Bugs
    Garnier Earns Cradle to Cradle Status Garnier Earns Cradle to Cradle Status
    L’Oréal Name Most Valuable Personal Care Brand L’Oréal Name Most Valuable Personal Care Brand
    Research Drives Estée Lauder Research Drives Estée Lauder
    Evaluating Europe’s Entire Body of Work Evaluating Europe’s Entire Body of Work

    Related Features

    • Functional Ingredients | Skin Care
      Formulating with Alternatives In Personal Care Products

      Formulating with Alternatives In Personal Care Products

      Younger consumers seek sustainable ingredients in their shampoos and personal cleanser formulations. BASF offers a variety of solutions for cosmetic chemists.
      Nicole Paraszczuk, Rosa Nicolini, Andrew Miller and Hannah Cwienkala, BASF 04.01.21

    • Fine Fragrance | Functional Ingredients
      Will Mother

      Will Mother's Day Lift Fragrance Sales?

      Consumers are selecting perfumes that offer the memory of better times or a sensorial way to relax.
      Melissa Meisel, Associate Editor 04.01.21

    • Actives | Color Cosmetics | Functional Ingredients | Hair Care | Packaging | Personal Cleansers | Skin Care | Sun Care
      Contract Manufacturing Trends in Beauty & Personal Care

      Contract Manufacturing Trends in Beauty & Personal Care

      Entrepreneurs can get the help they need from a contract manufacturing partner who can help them navigate the problems that crop up when developing a product.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 04.01.21


    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | Personal Cleansers
      Personal Cleansers Remain Essential During the Pandemic

      Personal Cleansers Remain Essential During the Pandemic

      Liquid soap and hand sanitizer sales soared during the earliest days of pandemic.
      Christine Esposito, Managing Editor 04.01.21

    • Functional Ingredients | Laundry Care | Surfactants
      ACI Is Front & Center During the Pandemic

      ACI Is Front & Center During the Pandemic

      The American Cleaning Institute is working at the Federal, state and local levels to ensure the needs of its members and consumers are met during COVID-19.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 03.02.21

    • Actives | Polymers | Sun Care
      Sun Care Market Set to Rebound in 2021 as Travel Returns

      Sun Care Market Set to Rebound in 2021 as Travel Returns

      After a down year, will sun care market sales rebound in 2021 as consumers gear up to travel again and life slowly returns to normal?
      Christine Esposito, Managing Editor 03.02.21


    • Actives | Functional Ingredients | OTC/Medicated
      All’s Well with Wellness

      All’s Well with Wellness

      The pandemic has consumers focused on healthcare and wellness and that’s good news for some OTC categories.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 03.02.21

    • Color Cosmetics | Skin Care
      Help for Indies

      Help for Indies

      The Independent Beauty Association has been entrepreneurs’ go-to source for industry information and business guidance for decades.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 02.01.21

    • Color Cosmetics | Hair Care | Skin Care
      The Future Has Arrived

      The Future Has Arrived

      When the pandemic shut down retail stores, technologies like AI and AR kept consumers connected to beauty brands. There’s no going back, say experts.
      Christine Esposito, Managing Editor 02.01.21


    • Color Cosmetics | Hair Care | Personal Cleansers | Skin Care
      Stepping into the Spotlight for 2021

      Stepping into the Spotlight for 2021

      A look at the leading indie brands in household and personal care for the new year.
      Melissa Meisel, Associate Editor 01.06.21

    • Color Cosmetics | Hair Care | Personal Cleansers | Skin Care | Sun Care
      The Independent Beauty Association Supports Sensible Reform

      The Independent Beauty Association Supports Sensible Reform

      What will the 117th Congress have in store for the cosmetics industry?
      Ken Marenus, Independent Beauty Association 01.06.21

    • Functional Ingredients | Laundry Care | Polymers | Surfactants
      A Clean Commitment

      A Clean Commitment

      In a pandemic, clean matters more than ever; which explains the gains in fabric care sales. A list of new ingredients follows the article.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 01.06.21


    • Disinfectants | Functional Ingredients | Household Cleaning | Laundry Care
      Deliver & Delight

      Deliver & Delight

      The fragrances used in home cleaning products must communicate clean, but increasingly health and wellness, too.
      Christine Esposito, Managing Editor 01.06.21

    • Color Cosmetics | Fine Fragrance | Hair Care | Personal Cleansers | Skin Care
      A Rebound for Beauty

      A Rebound for Beauty

      After a difficult year, the global cosmetics market is on the mend and will even exceed 2019 levels, according to predictions from McKinsey & Co.
      Tom Branna, Editorial Director 01.06.21

    • Hair Care | Skin Care
      Beauty Brands Must Prepare for a

      Beauty Brands Must Prepare for a 'Decade of the Home'

      The crisis will define consumption for the next decade, and it will force change for brands and companies more accustomed to catering to on-the-go consumers.
      Kim De Maeseneer, Accenture 01.06.21

    Trending
    • Henkel Appoints New EVP Of Beauty Care
    • Sunscreen On The Spot
    • Guangzhou Builds Beauty Park To Woo L'Oréal, Estée Lauder
    • The Honest Company Files For IPO
    • Estée Lauder Expands Beautiful Fragrance Collection
    Breaking News
    • Diamond Chemical Appoints Technical Service Representative
    • Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter
    • Clean Hair Brand Vegamour Announces $80 Million in Private Equity Funding
    • Tri-K Industries Appoints Sales Executive and National Sales Manager
    • NatureLab. Tokyo’s Hair Care Launches in Ulta Beauty Stores
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    Household & Personal Care Wipes Spring 2021

    • A Conversation with the Responsible Flushing Alliance
    • Nice-Pak Meets Consumer Demands
    • Wipes Manufacturers Meet Demand Surge
    • Home Care Wipes: Sustainability in Sharper Focus as Cleaning Frenzy Simmers Following Pandemic
    • View More >

    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    4-week Fish Oil Regimen Showed Significant Muscular Damage Protection in Recent Study
    Review Covers Role of Vitamin K2 in the ‘Calcium Paradox’
    KD Pharma Acquires Rohner AG Manufacturing Assets
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Jebsen & Jessen, Innospec Sign Distribution Agreement
    Sika Expands Production Capacity in Qatar
    Sto Corp. ISO Certifications Extended
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    MICRO Expands with New Facility in Costa Rica
    DiaSorin to Buy Luminex for $1.8B
    Endologix Acquires PQ Bypass
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Catalent Biologics Completes Madison Expansion
    Lonza Expands PyroTec PRO for Endotoxin Testing
    FDA Accepts Airway Therapeutics’ IND for COVID Treatment
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    Revieve Launches Skin Coach
    Carlyle Group Acquires Majority Stake in Beautycounter
    The Honest Co. Files for an Initial Public Offering
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    Babor Professional Skin Care Names McCaffrey as Vice President of Sales
    Diamond Chemical Appoints Technical Service Representative
    Carlyle To Acquire Majority Stake in Beautycounter
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    Kumon North America Adds Speedmaster XL 106 from Heidelberg
    SE-DA Invests in Kornit Presto S
    Iron Oxide Pigments Market to Register 4.7% CAGR from 2021 to 2028: GVR
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    Enprom helps converter respond to flexible packaging needs
    anytron assists medical device company with labeling
    Dantex debuts new capabilities with white ink opacity
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Aries Face Masks Meet ASTM Standards
    Tufropes Launches Inherently Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Spunbond
    NXTNano Adding Three Lines
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    GreenBone Ortho Closes 10 Million Euros Series B Funding Round
    SynerFuse, Cirtec Medical Partner to Develop Back Pain Management Device
    New Biosealant Could Stabilize Cartilage, Boost Healing After Injury
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Virtual ASMC 2021 Spotlights Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Excellence
    First Solar Series 6 CuRe has Industry’s Lowest Warranted Degradation Rate
    SEMI: 2020 Global Semiconductor Equipment Sales Surge 19% to Industry Record $71.2 Billion

    Copyright © 2021 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login